TSUE: partner z prawem pobytu nawet, gdy państwo nie uznaje związków jednopłciowych

Państwa członkowskie mogą same decydować, czy zalegalizować związki homoseksualne. Jednak nawet te, które takich związków nie uznają, nie mogą odmówić współmałżonkowi obywatela UE prawa pobytu na swoim terenie. Taki wyrok wydał we wtorek Trybunał Sprawiedliwości Unii Europejskiej.

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Sprawa dotyczyła obywatela Rumunii, Relu Adriana Comana, który w Brukseli zawarł związek małżeński z obywatelem amerykańskim R.C. Hamiltona. Małżonkowie, powołując się na dyrektywę w sprawie wykonywania prawa do swobodnego przemieszczania, wystąpili do władz o informacje dotyczące procedury uzyskania przez Amerykanina prawa pobytu.

Nie ma legalnych związków, nie ma prawa pobytu

Władze rumuńskie stwierdziły, że skoro państwo nie uznaje związków jednopłciowych, to nie ma podstaw do tego, by Amerykanin korzystał z uprawnień, które unijne prawo przyznaje współmałżonkom.

Relu Adrian Coman i R.C. Hamilton złożyli skargę do rumuńskich sądów, podnosząc, że jest to dyskryminacja ze względu na orientację seksualną i naruszenie prawa do swobodnego przemieszczania się. Rumuński Trybunał Konstytucyjny zwrócił się do Trybunału Sprawiedliwości Unii Europejskiej z pytaniem o to, czy Hamiltona obejmuje pojęcie „współmałżonka”.

TSUE: to nie jest powód do ograniczania swobody przemieszczania

W wyroku TSUE podkreślił, że ewentualna legalizacja małżeństw homoseksualnych leży w gestii państw członkowskich. Nie ma to jednak większego wpływu na wykładnię dyrektywy w sprawie wykonywania prawa do swobodnego przemieszczania - prawo to, zdaniem TSUE, może obejmować małżonka tej samej płci. Zatem odmowa uznania prawa do stałego pobytu w wyżej przedstawionej sytuacji, mogła naruszyć prawa obywatela UE.

KRRiT upomina za wyemitowanie kreskówki ze szczęśliwymi gejami>>

Trybunał przypomniał, że swoboda przemieszczania się obywateli po terenie UE może podlegać ograniczeniom tylko w określonych sytuacjach - jeżeli opierają się one na obiektywnych względach interesu ogólnego oraz są proporcjonalne do uzasadnionego celu realizowanego przez prawo krajowe. Tu, zdaniem TSUE, tak nie było - zwłaszcza że Karta praw podstawowych UE gwarantuje prawo do poszanowania życia prywatnego i rodzinnego, niezależnie od tego, jakiej płci są osoby pozostające w związku.

Wyrok ważny także dla Polaków

Jak oceniają eksperci z grupy prawnej Stowarzyszenia Miłość Nie Wykucza, wyrok ważny jest dla tych państw członkowskich, w których nie ma równości małżeńskiej. Podkreślają, że dzięki takiej wykładni prawa unijnego obywatel państwa trzeciego, który zawrze związek małżeński z Polski w państwie Unii Europejskiej, może skorzystać ze swobody przepływu bez względu na płeć.

Negatywnie orzeczenie oceniają z kolei prawnicy z Instytutu Ordo Iuris. Uznają je za bezpośrednią ingerencję w porządki: prawa rodzinnego i konstytucyjnego państw członkowskich Unii Europejskiej. W komunikacie na swojej stronie internetowej podkreślają, że to wyzwanie rzucone polskiej Konstytucji, której art. 18 nakazuje ochronę małżeństwa jako „związku kobiety i mężczyzny”.

Źródło: Wyrok w sprawie C-673/16 Relu Adrian Coman i in. / Inspectoratul General pentru Imigrări i in.